Learning to read and write opens the world to kids. These are multi-faceted processes that unfold differently for different children. However, experts in the field concur on certain “building blocks” that provide the foundation for successful literacy learning for all. Research in the field shows links between these different areas, and suggests best practices for supporting growth in each.
In reading, fluency means reading accurately, at an appropriate speed and with appropriate expression.
Vocabulary is the knowledge of words and word meanings in both spoken language and print.
Phonics is the knowledge of how sounds are represented by individual letters or groups of letters.
Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and think about parts of spoken language.
High-frequency words are commonly-occurring words in printed language.
Concepts of print are basic understandings about how written language and books “work.”